Summary of 27 European member states' nationality laws
Member State | Acquisition by birth | Acquisition by descent | Acquisition by marriage | Acquisition by naturalisation | Multiple nationality permitted | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria |
Persons born in Austria who:
|
|
| No | ||
Belgium |
Persons born in Belgium who:
|
Belgian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
| Yes—after 3 years cohabitation in Belgium |
| Yes | |
Bulgaria |
Persons born in Bulgaria who:
|
Bulgarian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
| No |
| Yes | |
Cyprus |
Persons born in Cyprus who:
|
|
| Yes | ||
Czech Republic |
Persons born in the Czech Republic:
| No |
|
No (unless the non-Czech citizenship is obtained by birth or by marriage)
| ||
Denmark |
Persons born in Denmark who:
| Danish nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
|
|
| No[28] | |
Estonia |
Persons born in Estonia who:
|
No (unless married to an Estonian citizen before 26 February 1992)
|
|
No (although Estonian citizens by descent cannot be deprived of their Estonian citizenship)
| ||
Finland |
Persons born in Finland who:
|
Finnish nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
|
|
| Yes | |
France |
|
French nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
|
|
| Yes | |
Germany |
Persons born in Germany, if at least one parent has resided in Germany for at least 8 years and holds a permanent residence permit
| German nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
|
|
|
No, unless:
| |
Greece |
Persons born in Greece who:
|
Greek nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
|
|
| Yes | |
Hungary |
Persons born in Hungary who:
| After 3 years | After 8 years and meeting conditions of good character | Yes | ||
Ireland |
Persons born in Ireland who:
|
Irish nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
| Yes | |||
Italy |
Persons born in Italy who:
|
Italian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
|
|
| Yes | |
Latvia |
Persons born in Latvia who:
|
Latvian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
|
|
No, unless:
Also, recently Latvian Saeima is working on the new Citizenship Law that will allow dual citizenship.
| ||
Lithuania |
Persons born in Lithuania who:
|
Lithuanian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
|
| No | ||
Luxembourg |
Persons born in Luxembourg who:
| No |
| Yes | ||
Malta |
Persons born in Malta who:
|
Maltese nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
| ||||
Netherlands |
Persons born in Netherlands who:
|
Dutch nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
|
| After 5 years uninterrupted residence, with continuous registration in the municipal register | Under certain conditions: e.g. foreign citizenship may be kept in the event of naturalization via marriage. | |
Poland |
Persons born in Poland who:
|
Polish nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
| Yes |
| Yes but in Poland, Polish identification must be used and the dual citizen is treated legally as only Polish | |
Portugal |
Persons born in Portugal who:
|
Portuguese nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
|
|
| Yes | |
Romania |
Persons born in Romania who:
|
Romanian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
|
|
| Yes[30] | |
Slovakia |
Persons born in Slovakia who:
|
Slovak nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
|
|
| No | |
Slovenia |
Persons born in Slovenia who:
|
Slovenian nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
| ||||
Spain |
Persons born in Spain who:
|
|
|
|
| |
Sweden[31] |
Persons born in Sweden who:
|
Swedish nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
|
|
| Yes | |
United Kingdom |
Persons born in United Kingdom who:
|
British nationality is acquired by descent under one of the following conditions:
|
|
| Yes |
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